Learning how to dye leather and applying finishes to the surface can help create an amazing piece that will look great and be useful for years.

Dyeing leather involves applying color to leather to enhance its appearance, protect it, and extend its lifespan. This process uses specialized dyes that penetrate the leather fibers, ensuring even coloring. Dyeing can be done by hand or with tools like airbrushes and requires proper preparation and finishing.

Various leather dye types and finishes are available, as well as a few popular dyeing methods. Let’s take a look.

What is Leather Dyeing?

Dyeing leather is the process of applying a colored pigment mixed with a base (usually alcohol, oil, or water) to leather fibers so that the visible color of the leather changes. Some dyes penetrate deeply into the fibers, while others, including leather paints, remain closer to the surface.

Reasons to Dye Leather

Generally, leather is dyed to achieve a preferred visual look when crafting leather goods, like when dying veg tan leather black when making a leather belt. Sometimes, a leather worker is crafting a piece and wants it to be a particular shade of color. Or, they might have some natural leather they’d like to change into colored leather. So, they learn how to dye leather.

Also, dyed leather can be damaged and need repair. In this case, a leather crafter might need to dye the repaired leather area to match the original leather color.

Types of Leather Dyes

There are several different types of leather dyes commonly available. Each type has its own performance characteristics, so use would depend on personal preference and the specific project on which they’re being used.

Alcohol-Based Leather Dye

Alcohol-based leather dyes penetrate the leather deeply, so the color goes beyond the surface. The colors are usually vibrant. However, after the dye is applied and the alcohol dries, it removes some of the moisture from the leather.

Leathers dyed with alcohol-based types will then usually benefit from applying a leather conditioner to restore some of that pliability and the oils within the piece. Often, dyed leathers are coated with a finishing coat to seal in the dye, prevent it from rubbing off, and protect the leather overall.

Oil-Based Leather Dye

Oil-based leather dyes penetrate the leather deeply, so the color goes beyond the surface. The colors are usually vibrant. Since these dyes are oil-based, less moisture is pulled from the leather when drying than with alcohol-based dyes.

Alcohol-based dyed leather usually benefits from a conditioner applied to restore some of that pliability before a finish is added. Often, dyed leathers are coated with a finishing coat to seal in the dye, prevent it from rubbing off, and protect the leather overall.

See details of the different pigment carrier types in detail in this video:

Water-Based Leather Dye

Water-based leather dyes don’t penetrate the leather as deeply as other dye types, and the colors aren’t usually as vibrant. However, they are generally less toxic than the other types.

As with most dyed leather, even though they include moisture, it can be helpful to coat the leather with a leather finish after dyeing. This will help protect the color from rubbing off and the leather from excessive wear.

Low VOC Leather Dye

VOCs, volatile organic compounds, are chemicals that can be toxic in large amounts or with prolonged exposure. Most leather dyes have VOCs. Some are available with a low VOC formula, making them a little safer and healthier to work with.

The Sun as a Leather Dye

The sun is a natural leather dye. When exposed to the sun’s UV rays, unfinished, vegetable tanned leather will darken over time. It does take time, though some leather crafters use this method to naturally change the color of leather to a darker color.

Paint as a Leather Dye

While dyes generally penetrate the leather fibers with color, paint is another dyeing option. It only covers the surface of the leather with pigment. Leather painting changes the visual color of the leather and provides some protection to its surface.

However, it does cover the leather surface, so the original grain will not be as visible as when using penetrating dyes.

Antique Leather Dye

Antique leather dye is more of a finish than a true dye. It is a colorant applied to leather that makes it appear as if the piece is older and worn with age.

They generally come in various colors that match the original material closely. Overall, these types of dyes help enhance the look of the grain pattern within the natural leather. They’re an option when considering how one might finish the leather with color or when learning how to dye leather.

Shoe Polish as a Leather Dye

Applying shoe polish can help change the surface color of leather. Since it does not penetrate the fibers and mostly rests on top, this method will generally not be long-lasting. However, it is a relatively fast and effective way to color leather for short-term use.

Types of Leather Finishes

Carnauba Wax

Carnauba wax is a formula that can be applied to leather. It is usually a blend of waxes and conditioners. When applied, it conditions the leather while also providing a protective layer that helps resist dirt, grime, and moisture.

The leather wax is usually applied by hand and buffed to a shine. The end result is a soft-feeling, shiny surface that wears well and looks great.

Leather Resolene/Acrylic

Resolene is a synthetic finish for leather. While waxes can be used to seal and protect leather, resolene is comprised of acrylic. It is usually applied in thin layers, each building a thinner layer of acrylic. When dried, it will result in a clear, smooth, durable, shiny surface that provides a fair amount of protection for the underlying leather.

Resolene is available in several colors, so it can be closely matched to the leather color being coated. It is also available in finish variations such as matte, sheen, and glossy.

Leather Tan Kote

Tan Kote is a protective finish made of natural resin. It provides a thin layer of protection from dirt and grim, though it is not water resistant. Since it is made from natural resin, the layer it provides is usually a soft, smooth, subtle, satin finish.

Types of Leather That Can Be Dyed

Generally, most leather that does not already have a protective finish applied can be dyed. It is often best to dye darker than the original leather. For example, a piece that is tan can be dyed black. While a piece that is black can not easily be dyed lighter, such as brown. When learning how to dye leather, knowing which will take dye the best is important.

Dyeing Wet Leather vs Dyeing Dry Leather

Some leather workers prefer dyeing leather wet, and some while it’s dry. When wet, the dye can be more evenly pulled into the fibers and provide a smooth, even color. However, if the moisture varies across the leather piece, it could lead to variations in exact color matching, as wetter areas might pull in more dye. Also, dye applied to wet leather will appear darker than the final color it will be once it dries.

Dyeing on dry leather is a very common method. The dye is applied directly to the material’s surface and is pulled into fibers. It is usually easier to dye dry, especially for those new to dyeing. Since no water is involved, one can see exactly where the dye has been applied and how much is needed to produce an even coat.

Both wet and dry dying can provide excellent results. It’s mainly up to the leather worker’s preference for what they are more comfortable with and what would work better with the type of dye they are using.

Leather Painting vs Leather Dyeing

Colored pigment can be applied to leather either by dyeing or painting. Dyeing generally changes the color of the leather fibers deep into and throughout the material. Leather paint is used primarily to cover the leather’s surface with the pigment. It will provide a thin layer of protection along with the color, though painting will not penetrate through the material’s fibers.

Dyeing From One Color to Another

When manually dyeing a piece darker, it’s usually best to transition through at least two dye colors. This helps the material take the dye better than a straight, light-to-dark process.

For example, when dyeing white leather to a black color, it is recommended to first dye it an intermediate color, such as blue. An intermediate color, such as tan, can be used for colors lighter than black. When planning how to dye leather, color transitions are worth considering.

Leather Dye Color Combinations & Mixing

Custom leather dye colors can be made by mixing existing leather dye colors. These generally follow the natural properties of the color chart by mixing the primary colors red, yellow, and blue. Here are a few examples:

• Green – Mixture of yellow and blue
• Orange – Yellow and red
• Violet – Blue and red
• Black – Yello, red, and blue
• Brown – Orange and violet
• Gray – Violet and green

How to Dye Leather

There are a few basic steps when learning how to dye leather. Each has variations that can be performed based on the preference for the process, and the look/feel of the final product. Let’s explore each.

1. Preparation – How to Dye Leather

Dyeing leather can get a little messy, so having everything prepared beforehand is important and very helpful. Being prepared will usually also make the process go much faster and more smoothly, making it more fun and the end results look great.

Work Area – Ventilation

Chemicals used in the leather dyeing process generally require proper ventilation during use. Some can be toxic when breathed in in large amounts, and others can be toxic when exposed to them for a long period of time.

Breathing in these chemicals could make someone sick if they are used indoors in a closed room or basement. Therefore, it is recommended that most leather dye work be done outdoors. Indoors is an option, though ventilation and airflow would need to be significant to ensure enough clean air circulates through the space.

Also, an indoor option would be installing a workspace with an exhaust fume hood. This is essentially a somewhat enclosed workspace with large fans that pull up the air and exhaust it outside of the room/house/building. Exhaust fume hoods are commonly used in scientific laboratories or creative design studios, where toxic fumes might be generated by chemicals, glues, adhesives, or paints.

Work Area – Surface

Usually, a table outside on a nice day works great. Covering the surface to protect it from dye spills is recommended. An inexpensive solution is to cut plastic trash bags along the sides and unfold them into a flat plastic barrier. This protects the table and makes for easy cleanup later.

Any flat surface can do. Working on the ground is possible. Even a wide board placed on some saw horses can work. The key is that it is a stable surface, so everything stays in place as you work with the dye.

One factor to consider when working outside is whether the work area is under trees or anything else that might drop debris onto the leather piece. Usually, this isn’t a big issue; it’s just something to remember. A patio table with an umbrella raised can be an ideal location. It is best when leaves, acorns, or anything animals might drop are kept away from falling onto the piece during the several stages of drying.

Work Area – The Temperature

The chemicals used in dyeing leather generally work best within a temperature range. The ideal is usually 72°F with low humidity. As humidity goes up, so does drying time. As the temperature goes up, drying time usually goes down. If it is too hot, though, the chemicals might not have enough time to perform their intended function before they dry if they dry too fast.

When it’s colder, the chemicals usually take longer to work. For example, what might take 20 minutes to dry at 72°F could take 2 hours to dry at 55°F. Many factors will influence timing, so check the instructions with the specific dyes and prep chemicals you are using.

It is possible that conditions can be too cold. Generally anything in the 40’s°F, and especially freezing and below (32°F and less) should be avoided. Chemicals can become thick and tacky and not perform as they should.

Tools and Supplies for Dying Leather

Here’s a list of the basic tools and supplies you’ll need to dye leather. Over time, you might find more specialized ones or prefer simpler or other methods, though in general, these will be helpful.

Tool	Description
Work Surface	Used to moisturize the leather after dyeing
Plastic Trash Bag	To cut and lay on top of the work surface
Plastic Gloves	Wear these almost all the time while handling deglazers, dyes, and finishes
Leather Deglazer	Used to clean/prep the leather for dyeing
Leather Dye	The pigment used to color the leather
Wool Dauber	Used to apply the dye to the leather, as well as the deglazer and finish
Scrap Cloth	Used to wipe away excess dye/clean up spills
Leather Conditioner	Used to moisturize the leather after dyeing
Leather Finish	Used to seal/protect the dyed leather surface
Tray or Tub	Used to hold dye if the leather will be dipped into or pulled through the dye

Thinning the Dye

Some dyes are very concentrated and produce deep, rich colors. Lightening the dye up a bit might be preferred when looking to achieve a particular color.

Leather crafters lighten dyes by thinning them. If the dyes are water-based, water can be added. This dilutes the original dye a bit and makes it slightly lighter. If using an alcohol-based dye, alcohol can be added to help “thin” it. Some users also thin alcohol-based dyes with water.

The proper amount of dye thinner will ultimately depend on personal preference and some testing. A common ratio to start with is 50:50 (1/2 dye to 1/2 thinner).

A thinner dye can be applied in several lighter layers to slowly bring the leather piece to the preferred color. A thicker, richer dye can be applied in fewer coatings, though one will have less control over the subtlety of the density of color.

Leather workers even thin black dyes to give a little more control over color density. However, this is purely preference. Dyes will color leather with or without being thinned.

2. Cleaning the Leather – How to Dye Leather

After preparation, the first step in actually dyeing the leather is cleaning. Leathers can have various oils and substances on and in them due to the tanning process. Since we are looking to color the leather fibers, it’s important that any chemicals or substances on those fibers are removed as much as possible before the dye is applied. Always make sure to wear gloves or properly protect your hands while working with chemicals.

Deglazer

Often, this is done with a substance called a deglazer. Once applied to the leather, a deglazer helps strip away the existing finish and any additional residues or chemicals underneath it. Deglazers are usually highly toxic and require outdoor ventilation for safe use. They are also temperature-sensitive and should be used within the temperature range recommended on any specific deglazer you’re using.

One can also make their own deglaze by using denatured alcohol. Another option involves using a combination of ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol. However, if you plan to mix your own, make sure you’re familiar with any chemicals, their potential reactions, and safe/proper handling. Deglazers made for leather dye prep are usually help and an easy way to first try it out.

Cleaning

Okay, it’s time to start! 🙂 Lay the leather piece out on the table on top of the plastic bag. At this point, you can even place a piece of scrap material (an old towel or sheet) between the leather piece and plastic if you prefer a fabric work surface.

Dip a wool dauber into the deglazer and then apply it in smooth, even strokes to the leather surface. The leather will change color in places where the deglazer has been applied. This is because the leather is now wet in those areas. Once it dries, it will return to its original color.

Apply deglazer to the entire leather piece where it will be dyed. Allow the deglazer to dry thoroughly. In ideal conditions, this will usually take about 15 minutes, though it might take up to an hour or more. Once the deglazer has dried, we’re ready to dye the leather.

3. Dyeing the Leather – How to Dye Leather

Once it’s cleaned with deglazer, the leather is ready for dyeing. Several different application techniques can be used. The selection of a technique depends mostly on preference and, in some cases, the intended look of the final piece.

When dyeing leather, with any technique, it’s usually best to apply the dye in light, even coats. This will allow for an even, consistent application across the leather piece. It will also allow for more subtle variations in the final color choice since the color has been applied in layers, getting a bit darker each time.

It is recommended that the dye dry after each application before applying the next layer.

Application Techniques

Here are a few of the most common leather dye application techniques.

Wool Dauber

Wool daubers are little balls of wool attached to a wire handle. The balls are approximately 1/2” – 1” wide, and the wire handle is about 5” long. Daubers are great for dipping into leather dyes and finishes and then rubbing onto the leather surface to apply the dye or finish.

The wool picks up an amount of dye or finish depending on how deeply it is dipped. It then offers some control over where the dye or finish is placed on the leather piece and how evenly it is applied. For smaller leather pieces, daubers are a great choice as applicators.

Brush

A brush can be used to apply dye in even strokes. Essentially, it’s like painting with a paintbrush, though using dyes. Brushes come in various shapes, sizes, and bristle types. Choices will be influenced by preference, the size of the leather piece, and budget.

Generally, a very simple paintbrush will work great. Detail isn’t as important here as proper coverage of the dye onto the leather piece.

Rag/Cloth

A basic, lint-free scrap rag or cloth can work great for dye application. Just dip the cloth into the dye, then rub it across the leather surface. Repeat as necessary to get a smooth, consistent application of dye on the item.

Pulling

Pulling is a very popular method of dyeing leather. It involves filling a shallow pan with the leather dye. Then, the item to be dyed is pulled through the pan and dyed. This exposes the leather to the dye consistently as it’s pulled, resulting in an even application of the dye.

Since manually applying dye via a brush or dauber requires repetitive accuracy, pulling is preferred. A single pull can cover the whole item in just the same way, similar to dipping.

Dipping

Dipping is an extremely popular way to dye leather. To dip, just fill a container with the leather dye and dip the item to be dyed right into the container. After a second or two, pull it out and set it aside to dry. Done!

This dipping method also ensures a mostly consistent application of dye across and into the leather item. This method is also very fast, as it just requires a dip instead of many manual strokes as with a dauber or brush.

While very easy, dipping requires much more of the dye substance. For example, applying dye with a dauber or brush requires relatively little dye. The applicator is dipped into the dye then spread over the item. With dipping, there needs to be enough dye for the entire item to be submerged in it. This often can be more expensive.

Maybe try the dauber method if you’re dyeing just one or two items. Dipping can be great if you’re dyeing many of the same or very expensive items where the dye cost is relatively minimal. It will provide for an even consistency, penetration, and overall color finish.

Airbrush Dyeing

Another option for applying leather dye is airbrush dyeing. This method utilizes airbrush tools to spray light layers of dye onto the leather material.

This allows for precise control and very smooth, even layers. It does require having more specialized tools (airbrush, compressor, tips, etc.) and the skills to use them. However, if you’re already familiar or the increased cost of these tools can be justified by preference or result, then airbrushing leather dye can be a great option.

4. Conditioning the Leather – How to Dye Leather

The chemicals used in cleaning and dyeing leather can often dry out the natural fibers. To help ensure they are maintained properly and last a long time, it’s important to condition the leather after dyeing.

Conditioners can be pure conditioners that nourish and moisten the leather. They can also be a mix of moisturizers and a light protectant. Those with a light protectant will generally not have a surface finish, as can be applied with a dedicated leather surface finisher.

Common leather oils for conditioning leather include Lexol and neatsfoot oil. Once conditioned, let it set for a few hours, in some cases overnight, before applying a finish. The specific instructions with the conditioner should provide more detail about specific timing.

5. Sealing/Finishing leather – How to Dye Leather

Once conditioned, the leather can be sealed. This serves a few purposes. First, it provides a protective layer that will protect the leather underneath. Second, it will protect the user of any dyed leather from having any of the dye rub off onto their skin or clothes. Some common finishes include carnauba wax and resolene.

Many other finishes are available based on preference and the intended use of the leather product. Some will make items waterproof, while others provide very shiny, glossy finishes.

Carnauba Wax

Carnauba wax is a formula that can be applied to leather. It is usually a blend of waxes and conditioners. When applied, it conditions the leather while also providing a protective layer that helps resist dirt, grime, and moisture.

The wax is usually applied by hand and buffed to a shine. The end result is a soft-feeling, shiny surface that wears well and looks great.

Leather Resolene

Resolene is a synthetic finish for leather. While waxes can be used to seal and protect leather, resolene is comprised of acrylic. It is usually applied in thin layers, each building a thinner layer of acrylic. When dried, it will result in a smooth, durable, shiny surface that provides a fair amount of protection for the underlying leather. Resolene is available in several colors, so a match can be made closely to the leather color that is being coated.

6. Cleanup – How to Dye Leather

Excellent! The leather has been cleaned, dyed, and finished, you’re all done! After the finish has dried you can clean up.

Reuse and recycle any materials as much as possible, and dispose of any other waste materials as responsibly as possible. Save any materials that might be able to be used for future leather dyeing.

Once all cleaned up, you can relax and enjoy your newly dyed leather piece 🙂

Popular Leather Dyeing Products

While there are nearly endless possibilities for dyeing leather, including using natural barks, colorings, and dyes, here are a few of the most popular products that can get you started.

Common Leather Cleaners

• Fiebling’s Deglazer
• Angelus Leather Preparer & Deglazer

Common Leather Dyes

• Fiebling’s Pro Dye
• Angelus Leather Dye

Common Leather Conditioners

• Tandy Prime Neatsfoot Oil Compound
• Fiebing’s Mink Oil Liquid
• Lexol Leather Conditioner

Common Leather Finishes

• Fiebing’s Carnauba Wax
• Fiebing’s Acrylic Resolene

Related Questions

How do you prepare leather for dye?

Leather is prepared for dye by first being cleaned with a delgazer. The deglazer removes surface finishes and any chemicals that might be on the leather fibers. Once cleaned, the leather is ready for the application of the leather dye.

Can you dye leather with food coloring?

Yes, leather can be dyed with food coloring. Food coloring offers an alternative to more common leather dyes and generally stains the skin less if it is exposed to it. Food-colored leather can be finished just like other types of dyed leather.

Can you dye leather with shoe polish?

Yes, leather can be dyed with shoe polish. Since it does not penetrate the fibers and mostly rests on top, this method will generally not be long-lasting. However, it is a relatively fast and effective way to color leather for short-term use.

In Closing

Learning how to dye leather is a valuable leather working how-to that can significantly elevate your projects. Overall, it’s relatively easy to learn, and once you’ve done it a few times, you’ll have the right tools and experience to make it a simple step in your leatherworking process. With practice, you’ll be able to achieve consistent, professional results, allowing you to create unique and personalized leather items with ease.